Testimoni Emma Akma (Harian Metro 29/9/12)

Ini adalah sedikit ringkasan dari temubual Harian Metro bersama Emma Akma.

Emma Akma bersama produk Pur Life

SERIK menjadi mangsa penganiayaan syarikat produk kecantikan dan penjagaan kesihatan, kali ini Emma Akma mengambil langkah berjaga-jaga kerana dia tidak mahu terkena lagi. Juga tidak mahu memanjangkan perkara itu kerana padanya lebih baik dia melangkah ke depan apatah lagi sekarang dia semakin banyak menerima tawaran berlakon.

Dia yang ditemui pada jamuan rumah terbuka yang diadakannya pada hari terakhir Syawal di Kelab Golf Polis Diraja, Taman Setiawangsa, baru-baru ini, berkata, terbaru dia mencuba produk penjagaan kesihatan dan kecantikan, Pur’Life. Sudah dua bulan dia menggunakannya dan hasilnya menakjubkan sekali. 
“Saya suka mencuba produk baru dan saya tak sangka ia memberi kesan yang baik kepada masalah yang saya hadapi seperti hitam di bawah mata dan jeragat pada muka. Produk ini disyorkan disembur di bawah lidah, tetapi saya menggunakannya juga pada bahagian luaran seperti pada wajah dan payudara.

“Sekarang tiada lagi masalah mata sembab dan hitam di bawah mata. Payudara juga semakin mantap. Saya kenal pengeluar produk ini dan dia sendiri terkejut melihatkan perubahan pada saya selepas dua bulan mengamalkannya. Oleh kerana produk ini bagus, saya juga menjadi ejen menjualnya.

Berita penuh, boleh baca di link harian metro ni ye:

Emma Akma Harian Metro

ROAD SHOW PUR LIFE DI SEREMBAN!! JOM..

Kenali Migrain serta kesan pengambilan ubat-ubatannya.

Penyakit migraine adalah sejenis sakit kepala yang amat menyakitkan. Orang yang kena serangan migraine sering mengadu sakit yang berdenyut-denyut di sebelah bahagian kepala. Mereka juga tidak suka kepada cahaya dan bunyi bising. Kadang-kala mereka merasa loya dan muntah-muntah. Mereka juga boleh mengetahui mereka terkena migraine jika mereka nampak kerlipan cahaya, garis-garis bersilang atau hilang pandangan buat sementara.

Dari segi perubatan, migraine terjadi disebabkan oleh pembesaran saluran darah (vasodilatation) yang menyebabkan pelepasan bahan kimia daripada gentian saraf yang melilit arteri besar otak. Bahan kimia ini menyebabkan keradangan, kesakitan, dan pembesaran arteri. Pembesaran arteri menambahkan kesakitan.

Simptom-simptom Migraine

Cortical spreading depression

Ø  Denyut sengit yang berkumpul di satu bahagian, biasanya di dahi, sekitar mata atau di belakang kepala.

Ø  Biasanya uni-lateral (satu sisi kepala) walaupun adakalanya bi-lateral (kedua-dua belah kepala).

Ø  Sakit kepala unilateral biasanya menukar sisi serangan, jika kerap berlaku di tempat yang sama, dapatkan pemeriksaan untuk pertimbangkan sakit lain seperti tumor otak.

Ø  Petanda biasa seperti loya, muntah-muntah, cirit-birit, muka pucat, tangan sejuk, kaki sejuk dan penambahan sensitiviti kepada cahaya dan bunyi.

Ø  Sakit mungkin berlangsung antara 4 hingga 72 jam.

Ø  Petanda amaran termasuk mengantuk, cepat marah, keletihan, kemurungan, keinginan benda manis atau masin.

Saya cepat marah = migrain

Jenis-jenis Migraine

1.   Migrain dengan aura – migrain jenis ini datang dengan aura tertentu yang mungkin menglibatkan penglihatan, pendengaran, halusinasi, rasa yang tidak sedap atau bau. Aura juga boleh dirasa tanpa sakit kepala. Terdapat beberapa jenis dalam kategori ini termasuk yang diwarisi (familial hemiplegic migraine), migrain sporadic dan migrain basilar yang mana diikuti dengan masalah ketika bercakap, kesukaran berdiri tegang atau terdengar bunyi di dalam telinga

2.   Migrain tanpa aura – migrain jenis biasa tanpa diikuti dengan aura

3.   Migrain retinal – migrain disertai dengan masalah penglihatan

Kenali Pencetus Migrain

Sekiranya anda seorang penghidap migrain, elakkan beberapa pencetus migrain seperti;

v  Tekanan

v  Gangguan tidur atau tidur berlebihan

v  Berlapar untuk 1 jangka masa yang lama

v  Bau yang menusuk

v  Merokok

v  Alkohol

v  Makanan seperti keju, coklat, tinggi monosidium glutamate (MSG), nitrat, aspartame

v  Kafein

v  Cahaya terlalu terang

Mudah untuk para pesakit mereka perlu mengambil ubat untuk mengurangkan rasa sakit kepala atau migraine ini. Paling penting haruslah mempunyai preskripsi Doktor. Namun, apa yang ingin saya kongsikan di sini ialah, tahukah anda bahawa pengambilan ubat migraine berterusan boleh mendatangkan kesan sampingan yang membahayakan jika ia tidak dibendung? Contohnya:

• Ubat penahan sakit bagi merawat serangan migraine NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) seperti Ponstan, Voltaren, Synflex,Indocid dll. Ianya tidak begitu sesuai jika diamalkan berterusan kerana dikhuatiri akan menyebabkan gastritis, ulser perut dan boleh memudaratkan fungsi BUAH PINGGANG! Juga menyebabkan pedih ulu hati, cepat berasa lapar, letih, loya, nafas tidak lepas iaitu tanda-tanda awal gastritis atau radang perut. Jadi, untuk mengurangkan risiko, ubat-ubatan ini perlu diambil selepas makan.



Kerosakan buah pinggang

• Cafergot – ubat yang sinonim dengan pesakit migraine. Ia mengandungi ergoatamine iaitu bahan utama untuk merawat migraine dan juga caffeine. Cafergot bertindak untuk mengecutkan saluran darah dan melegakan sakit kepala. Caffeine pula membantu penyerapan ergotamine dengan pantas dan mengecutkan saluran darah. Ia perlu diambil dengan nasihat doctor. Jika mengambil dos berlebihan, pesakit akan merasa sakit dada, degupan jantung yang laju dan peningkatan tekanan darah. Jadi, untuk pesakit migraine yang mempunyai sejarah sakit jantung dan darah tinggi, pengambilan cafergot AMAT MERBAHAYA. Pesakit juga boleh merasa loya muntah, rasa lemah badan dan tidak bertenaga.

Gastritis

Mungkin anda tidak sedar dengan pengambilan ubat-ubatan ini boleh memudaratkan dan tidak berusaha untuk mencari ikhtiar alternatif, lama-kelamaan ia akan merosakkan sistem tubuh badan kita.

Saya ingin berkongsi bahawa intipati di dalam Pur Life dapat membantu untuk merawat penyakit migraine anda. Anda kenali sendiri kandungan tersebut dan anda akan faham maksud saya. Ini kerana fungsi setiap kandungan dalam Pur Life adalah membantu membina semula sel,otot,metabolism,DNA dalam badan kita. Tak salah jika mencuba kerana Pur Life telah disahkan oleh Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia dan semestinya buatan Malaysia!

Call/sms 0176293569 untuk tempahan; atau

Klik sini untuk pembelian online

Ringkasan: Diet mengikut Sunnah Rasulullah SAW

Assalammualaikum.

Selawat dan salam ke atas junjungan besar Nabi Muhammad S.A.W.

Hari ni cuaca sejuk dan mendung. Dari batuk2,sekarang dah mula selsema rasa nak demam. Tapi takpelah,anggap sakit yg hadir adalah salah satu cara untuk menghapuskan dosa-dosa kecilku. Syukur padamu Ya Allah kerana masih beri peluang untukku bernafas dan berkongsi nukilan berilmu ku bersama pembaca-pembaca di sini.

Oklah, aku just nk share sedikit ringkasan tentang Diet mengikut Nabi junjungan kita iaitu Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. Kenapa aku buat ringkasan je, cuz aku rasa ramai blogger yg lain telah menghuraikan lebih mendalam tentang ni, so aku buat je ringkasan yg boleh dikongsi dgn korang semua.

Ringkasan tentang Diet Rasulullah S.A.W

Mungkin dari carta kat atas ni ramai yang terkejut kenapa Rasulullah melarang kita makan kombinasi2 itu kan? Untuk details boleh search di blog yg lain. Paling best, koktel tak elok untuk perut. Huhu so lepas ni buat puding je la.

Satu yang buat aku tertarik selepas membaca pelbagai artikel tentang Diet Rasulullah ini ialah tentang JANGAN SESEKALI TINGGAL MAKAN MALAM! Kenapa? Sebab tinggalkan makan malam adalah salah satu punca mempercepatkan proses penuaan dan kegemukan.Wow!! Selama ni kita telah dimomokkan oleh media barat bahawa kalau nak kuruskan badan, jangan ambil makan malam. Betul tak? Kat sini dah nampak sgt betapa halusnya dakyah mereka untuk pesongkan kita dari ajaran Rasulullah. 

Lepas tau semua ni,baru aku tau betapa kurangnya pendedahan tentang diet mengikut sunnah Rasulullah. Alhamdulillah syukur padaMu kerana memberi aku idea untuk mencari tentang artikel ini.Thanks jugak kpd blogger2 yg share maklumat berguna kepada warga maya.

Aku harap semoga dgn sedikit perkongsian ini, akan memberi manfaat kepada kita semua. Teruskan usaha menambah ilmu terutama untuk bekalan dunia dan akhirat.

Sorry tak larat nak cerita banyak2,hingus duk meleleh je ni.heee :)

P/s: Utk yg belum mengenali dan mencuba Pur Life, percayalah produk ini sgt bagus utk kesihatan. Buatan Malaysia, dapat pengesahan KKM dan yang paling penting ianya HALAL!

Call saya 0176293569 atau beli secara online disini

Resipi sihat: Ikan kerapu masak stim

Ikan kerapu stim - gambar hiasan

Assalammualaikum. Hmm nampak pun terliur.Memang sedap dan berkhasiat kalau makan masakan stim/kukus ni.Pulak senang sangat.Cubalah!

Bahan2:
Ikan kerapu 2ekor
Bawang besar sebiji
Bawang putih 5 ulas
Halia seinci
Brokoli
Carrot
Lada Mera sebiji
Limau nipis 2-3 biji (sape suke masam letak lebih)
Minyak 1 sudu
Sos tiram (option)
Garam dan Gula skit

Cara:
Bersihkan ikan kerapu dan letakkan ke dalam loyang kukus
Masukkan hirisan bawang besar dan putih, halia, lada merah, carrot & brokoli.
Letak garam, gula, minyak, sos tiram dan perahan limau nipis tadi.
Kukus sehingga masak (lebih kurang 10-15 minit)

Sedia untuk dihidang.Paling best makan time lauk masih panas.
Ok, all the best.

JEMPUTAN VVIP KE ROAD TOUR PUR LIFE AHAD INI!!

Untuk yang berada di kawasan sekitar Road Tour, kehadiran anda amat saya alukan. 

Jadilah yang terawal untuk merasai sendiri kehebatan Pur Life.

Cegah sakit sewaktu jerebu.

Adakah anda sekarang ini sedang menghadapi tanda dan gejala seperti :

Gatal di bahagian kerongkong dan batuk-batuk

·                     Sesak nafas atau sukar untuk bernafas

·                     Mata pedih dan berair

·                     Hidung berair dan kerap bersin

·                     Kulit badan gatal-gatal

·                     Sakit dada

Jika ya, anda telah terdedah kepada kesan akibat jerebu yang berlaku sekarang ini. Ini mungkin kerana anda tergolong dalam golongan yang berisiko tinggi untuk terdedah kepada penyakit seperti:

• kanak-kanak
• orang tua
• pesakit asma, bronkitis, radang paru-paru, sakit jantung dan alahan
• perokok
• mereka yang sentiasa bekerja di luar pejabat atau rumah

Apakah Jerebu?

Keadaan jerebu hari ini

Jerebu kelihatan di kawasan KLCC

Menurut kamus Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka,jerebu bermaksud kabut yang disertai debu yang terapung-apung di atmosfera dan menyebabkan keadaan sekeliling kelihatan kabur.

Punca

Kejadian jerebu sebenarnya berlaku kerana terdapatnya partikel yang berasal daripada punca semulajadi seperti habuk tanah dan pelepasan gunung berapi.Ia juga boleh berpunca daripada perbuatan manusia sendiri seperti asap dan hasil lain kerana pembakaran bahan api atau oleh proses perindustrian.

Kesan jerebu terhadap kesihatan

Komponen – komponen yang terdapat pada jerebu seperti karbon monoksida, sulfur dioksida, nitrogen dioksida, ozon, habuk dan logam boleh membawa kesan yang buruk kepada kesihatan manusia.

Langkah-langkah perlu diambil sewaktu jerebu



Spray Pur Life 2x sehari  untuk perlindungan sepanjang hari

Ini kerana kandungan utama di dalam Pur Life iaitu Growth Factor Concentrate (GFC™ ), Apple Stem Cell Extract, Collagen Peptide, Vitamin C, L- Lysine dapat membantu menguatkan sistem imunisasi badan kita dan memperbaiki fungsi badan secara keseluruhan. Jadi tubuh badan kita akan lebih berdaya tahan terhadap wabak penyakit. Sangat mudah hanya 2x spray setiap hari, kita selamat dari penyakit akibat jerebu.

 

 

  

Pakai topeng muka

 

Minum air banyak

 


Kerap cuci muka dan badan

 

  



Ambil makanan seimbang terutama buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran



 

Pakai cermin mata



Kurangkan aktiviti di luar rumah

  

Call sekarang : +0176293569

Pembelian Pur Life secara Online - Online Transfer, Kad Kredit, FPX, Paypal

Email/g+: liyanar1@gmail.com

FB: Nurliyana Wan

Tweeter: @nizana82





Dapatkan Pur Life hari ini untuk perlindungan total dari cuaca jerebu.

Saya berbesar hati jika anda ingin berjumpa sendiri dengan saya untuk testimoni dan temujanji.

Pur Life terbukti berkesan!






The Benefits of L-Lysine..it's in Pur LIfe!

This video tells us the benefits of L-Lysine, which one of the spectacular ingeredients inside Pur Life. 

L-Lysine, or lysine is an important essential amino acid needed by the human body for tissue repair and growth. It is used a lot of oral herpes and shingles as a way of dealing with viruses. It is also great for building connective tissue.

For more details go to page Health Info.

Video dalam bahasa Inggeris ini memberitahu kita tentang kebaikan L-Lysine iaitu salah satu bahan utama yang terbaik di dalam Pur Life.

L-Lysine atau Lysine adalah asid amino yang terpenting diperlukan oleh badan manusia untuk pembaikan tisu dan pertumbuhan. Ia digunakan  sebagai salah satu cara untuk melawan pelbagai virus. Ia juga bagus untuk membina gabungan tisu.

Untuk maklumat lanjut, sila ke halaman Info Kesihatan.

Resipi mudah: Puding koktel kurang manis..tetap sedap

Assalammualaikum.
Malam tadi walaupun penat balik open house,tapi semangat nak buat puding koktel untuk famili,lagi2 mama dan nieces ada kat sini.jadik,ramai sikitla tukang makannya. Nasib baik ada Pur Life kerana sejak ambil Pur Life ni,badan sentiasa bertenaga dan cukup rehat.Selera makan pun terjaga.Seronok betul!!

Sebenarnya nak buat puding koktel ni sangat simple tapi rasa dia memang sedap.Mana taknya,semua bahan2 dia kebanyakkannya dah ready made e.g. puding tu sendiri,dah macam2 brand dan perasa yg terdapat di pasaran.
Kalau anda suka makan puding koktel ni macam saya ni,tapi tak reti buat ni resipi tahap kacang putih saya share dengan anda.

Bahan:
Serbuk puding (apa2 pun boleh ikut suka anda)
Susu sejat 1 tin
Koktel campuran 1 tin
Gula dan air

Cara buat:
a)Puding
Masak air ikut sukatan yg diberikan di kotak/peket serbuk puding hingga mendidih dan tutup apinya.
wBaca instruction kat kotak/peket serbuk puding tu samada nak kena letak gula dan susu sejat atau tidak.
Lepas tu letak serbuk puding tu ikut sukatan yg diarahkan dan kacau hingga mesra,
Tuang ke dalam bekas yang sesuai dan biarkan sejuk.

b)Kuah koktel
Tuangkan setengah hingga setin susu sejat ke dalam periuk untuk dipanaskan sedikit
Campurkan air dari buah2an koktel tadi
Tambah sedikit air agar tidak terlalu pekat dan biarkan sejuk
Masukkan buah2an koktel tadi

Serius sangat mudah cuz kebanyakan resipi ni dah ada siap2 kat kotak/peket serbuk puding tu. :-)

Puding koktel dah sedia dihidangkan.Paling best dihidang dalam keadaan sejuk.baru layannnn...

Bagi saya,tak salah kiranya kita mengambil dessert seperti puding koktel ini.Saya dah biasakan dengan mengurangkan gula dan garam dalam makanan dan minuman.So,suami dan anak2 dah biasa.Puding koktel ni sedap dimakan kerana kite boleh nikmati manis rasa buah dari rasa gula seperti didalam sajian dessert tempatan.

Selamat mencuba dan semoga anda sentiasa gembira,ceria dan sihat disamping keluarga tersayang.

MAJLIS RUMAH TERBUKA EMMA AKMA BERSAMA PUR LIFE

Dengan Kak Ina & Pn.Norli

Assalammualaikum.Hmm..Alhamdulillah berkesempatan juga untuk ke open house Emma Akma - Pur Life tadi.Penat jugak tapi rasa gembira berjumpa dengan sahabat seperjuangan lagi penting terutama di bulan Syawal yang mulia ni. Thanks to kak Ina cuz sudi tumpangkan saya & anak2 untuk ke sana.Jasamu sentiasa dikenang.Masa sampai2 semua sibukla tengok kiri kanan tengok sapa2 yg dh ada nak hai hai tanya khabar,termasukla aku.hahaha dah lama tak muncul di majlis macam ni.Terasa perbezaannya.

Gambar2 dan Cerita lebih lanjut di Event.

What is Spinal Disc Herniation a.k.a 'Slipped disc'?

Definition 

Disc herniation is a neurological disorder which is characterized by the sliding of nucleus pulposus along the spinal cord and spine, which translates clinically by the appearance of a very intense back pain in that area. This condition occurs when a part or the entire nucleus pulposus herniates through a weakened area of  the fibrous ring of intervertebral disc.

Disc Herniation Patient

Disc herniation is often located posterior and on the same side of the defect. Disc herniation can occur at any level of the intervertebral discs, but the two most common locations are the cervical and the lumbar discs. Lumbar disc herniation is the one that produces most chronic back pain which is radiating into the leg. Lumbar disc herniation is more common than the cervical disc herniation and occurs especially in the segments L5-S1 of the spine, because in this area ligaments are weaker and more slender.

Frequency of disc herniation is relatively high, varying between 1-10% of the adult population. The most affected group of population is between 25-45 years.

Stages of Disc Herniation

Causes

Disc herniation occur when in the fibrous ring, a structure that is surrounding the nucleus pulposus, appear fissures that allows the nucleus pulposus to mobilize from its usual place and reach between vertebral corpus. Then, the nucleus pulposus will reach in the spinal canal and will press on the spinal nerve roots and will cause symptoms.

These fractures occur as a result of trauma, in some professions that require some very intense physical activity or in patients who are sitting very much in the chair. If the patient is compiling of persistent pain, but not a very intense pain, this is a sign of dulling of the intervertebral disc and not a sign of trauma.

Disc Herniation from MRI test

Risk Factor

A very important risk factor in the occurrence of a disc herniation is smoking because it interferes with proper oxygenation of the column and thus of the intervertebral disc. In this way, may appear dehydration and degeneration of the intervertebral disc, which, in time, will cause a disc herniation.

Scientists believe that in the appearance of a disc herniation, an important role is taken by genetic component, especially in patients with lumbar disc herniation.

Other risk factors are represented by:

1. Age;
2. Vigorous physical activity at work;
3. Obesity;
4. Sedentary lifestyle;
5. Excessive vibration on which is subjected the spine column;
6. Birth defects of the spine and spinal canal.

Most hernias occur in the lower back. This location is 15 times more common than the neck and is one of the most common causes of back pain. Cervical disc herniation appear in 8% of cases and in 1-2% of the cases appear high thoracic disc herniation. Cervical hernias occur mostly in the C5 – C6 and C6 – C7 segments of the spine and most often, in this type of disc herniation are involved cervical and brachial plexus.

In some disc herniation are affected the nerve roots and the clinical picture is important and more violent, because the patient will presenting symptoms of both motor and sensitive nature.
Disc herniation affects mostly middle-aged population and young adults with active occupations.

Symptoms

Symptoms are greatly depending on the exact location of the disc herniation and on the soft tissue involved and affected. The pain felt by the patient can vary from moderate to very intense and can radiate along the nerve tracts. Often, disc herniation is not diagnosed immediately, because patients delay the presentation to the doctor or the symptoms are non-specific.
Sometimes, patients with disc herniation are asymptomatic and this situation is possible if the nucleus pulposus is not pressing on the soft tissue or on the nerves.

Symptoms of lumbar disc herniation:

The most common location of lumbar disc herniation is between L4 – L5 or between L5 – S1 segments of the spine. In this case, the most important symptom is the pain, which can affect the lower lumbar area, buttocks, thighs and may radiate to the leg and foot. Of all the nerves, the most often involved is the sciatic nerve, which is causing classic clinical appearance of the pain, but the femoral nerve may be also affected.

Symptoms described by patients include:

1. Muscle spasm;
2. Hypotrophy and muscular atrophy in the affected territory;
3. Pain which is irradiating along nerves track;
4. Pain which become worse when the patient is coughing, sneezing, laughing, because this actions are increasing the pressure in the spinal canal;
5. Paresthesia and other sensory disturbances in the leg.

Here are several characteristics of the pain from a disc herniation:

• Is unilateral;
• The pain has a continuous character, not a pulsating character;
• Appears when the patient is adopting a specific position.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of a disc herniation can be made sometimes, only by the symptoms if the intensity and nature of the pain are high. Complete history of the patient have to be centered on the character of the pain and its evolution in time and physical examination can highlight disturbances in neurological reflexes, muscle strength and sensory disturbances.

Some characters of the pain may suggest a disc herniation:

• Pain that is localized to the lumbar region and gluteal areas (buttock) is often associated with disc herniation;
• Pain associated with sciatic radiculopathy, which radiates along the leg, below the knee;
• Pain that appear on flexion, rotation of the leg or in prolonged standing and have a sharp character is suggestive of a disc herniation.

Other information suggestive for the diagnosis of disc herniation are:

1. Acute onset of the symptoms, usually after a traumatism;
2. Pain that is  localized unilateral, which is aggravated by movement and relieved by resting in a certain position.

From the patient’s medical history is important to know if there have been recent trauma, if the patient have a profession that is requiring intense physical activity or if in his family exist other members with this condition.

Physical examination may reveal:

1. Reduced physiological curvature of the spine in the area that is involved in the disease process;
2. Abnormal position of the patient;
3. Pain in the leg that appeare after the patient lift the leg as high as he can.

Also, can be performed a series of specific tests that may suggest cervical and lumbar radiculopathy. For example, the patient is asked to tilt the head forward and then to the sides while the doctor applies a slight pressure on top of the head. If the patient will experience pain or any sensory change in this test, the patient is suspected of cervical radiculopathy.There are several tests that can be practiced for the discovery of lumbar radiculopathy.

For a certain diagnosis of disc herniation are indicated imaging studies like, X-rays, computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and myelography.

X-ray of the spine is especially indicated to exclude other diseases which may have symptoms like disc herniation. The most common diseases that enter in the differential diagnosis are: pelvic fractures, horse tail syndrome, spinal infection, epidural and subdural infections, spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis. Radiographic examination is limited, because it can not offer useful information about the state of the soft tissue that is surrounding the spine.

Computer tomography (CT) can provide useful information about the diameter of the spinal canal and about the soft tissue that is surrounding the spine.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more indicated than CT in diagnosing pathologies of the spine, because has a greater accuracy. Three-dimensional images are obtained and in this way are very well visualized both spine and nerve roots, the nucleus pulposus and it can be determine the degree of the condition. Currently, MRI is the imaging method of first intention for diagnosing disc herniation and can be used even in patients without clinical symptoms. Studies have shown that over 60% of asymptomatic patients who did an MRI, have some degree of disc herniation.

Myelography is a very accurate paraclinical examination, which can reveal the diagnosis of disc herniation, but is an invasive technique, because is requiring a lumbar puncture and the injection of a contrast substance. After the injection of contrast agents is made a radiography of the spinal canal and depending on the aspect can be determine if there are processes that are applying pressure on spinal nerves, if there are hernias and what is their degrees, if there are other pathological processes of the spine. Myelography has better results when is combined with CT.

Other specific tests are the electromyogram (EMG) and tests that determine the conduction velocity of a nerve impulses. EMG is done to determine exactly the nerve root that is involved in disc herniation. EMG can be performed simultaneously with tests that determine the conduction velocity of a nerve impulses and purpose of the two methods is to determine if there is an active pathological process which is affecting the nerves, the nerve roots or the muscles.

In general, patients with symptoms that are suggestive for disc herniation do not require further investigation. But if the patients are elderly, have symptoms that are not improving at the administration of a correct treatment and the pain is atypical, the specialst may request some laboratory tests, like: complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), the level of alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium level and serum protein electrophoresis.

Treatment:

The goal of disc herniation treatment is pain relief and stop the evolution of etiopathogenic process. For this is indicated a period of rest, administration of NSAIDs and physiotherapy. Most patients respond well to these combined treatments and they can resume their daily activities, because the symptoms are adequately controlled. There are a relatively small percentage of patients who need long-term treatment, corticosteroids or even surgery.

Pharmacologic treatment

Pharmacological treatment includes the use of general analgesics or opioids, of muscle relaxants and anti-inflammatory drugs. The goal of pharmacological treatment is to reduce local pain and inflammation and restoring the patient’s freedom of movement.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are mainly indicated for moderate pain relief. Among NSAID, ibuprofen is best, if the patient has no contraindications. It is administrated 200-400 mg, but not exceeding 2 or 3 grams / day. Is not indicated in patients with peptic ulcer, renal failure and coagulation disorders.

Besides ibuprofen can be used other analgesics such as ketoprofen, naproxen or acetaminophen. Acetaminophen is not an NSAID, it has a different mechanism of action and has no side effects so important as NSAIDs (in particular on the stomach) but it has no anti-inflammatory activity. Opioid analgesics can be administered to patients with severe pain that can not be controlled by analgesics. The administration of opioid medication must be done under medical supervision because exist the risk of addiction. Unlike treatment with NSAIDs that can be administrated for a long period of time, opioids are administered only in short periods. Their indications are limited, like a disc herniation which is secondary to a severe trauma.

Muscle relaxants are given only if the patient has muscle spasms. Some patients may receive, corticosteroids (oral or intravenous) if the inflammation is important and it can not be reduced by the treatment with NSAIDs.

Epidural cortisone injections

A therapeutic option used to control pain and inflammation in disc herniation is represented by the injection of corticosteroids into the affected area. The beneficial effects are lasting several months. The procedure has some risks because it is invasive.  For a good localization of the affected area, the injections are performed under radiological control.

Surgical treatment:

Surgery is rarely used for uncomplicated disc herniation. Surgery should be considered as a measure of treatment, only if symptoms persist and are greatly affecting patient’s quality of life, by limiting daily activities and movements.

The most used and indicated surgical procedures are:

1. Discectomy and micro-discectomy represents the removal of a disc that is protruding. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia and the patient remains hospitalized 3-4 days or until health status will allow discharge. To avoid the risk of blood clots, patients are stimulated to mobilize even in the first day, postoperative. Full recovery takes several weeks. If the disc herniation was not unique or whether there are other disorders that have to be treated, recovery will be difficult and longer. Micro-discectomy represents the removal of a fragment of disc which is involved in very small hernia, through a small incision;
2. Laminectomy and hemi-laminectomy, involves to relieve spinal stenosis or nerve compression;
3. Chemonucleolysis, is a procedure that involves injecting an enzyme (chimopapain) inside the herniated disc in order to dissolve the gelatinous substance (nucleus pulposus) that is responsible for the symptoms. In some cases chemonucleolysis can be an alternative to discectomy.